This Practice Note considers the two circumstances in which a charge to the Diverted Profits Tax (DPT) will arise. The circumstances are, first, where entities or transactions lack economic substance, and, second, where there is an avoidance of a UK taxable presence. It explains how the Effective Tax Mismatch Outcome (ETMO) and the Insufficient Economic Substance (IES) conditions work. The DPT provisions are included in Part 3 of the Finance Act 2015. DPT is aimed at preventing the avoidance of UK tax by large groups (typically multinational enterprises) that result in the erosion of the UK tax base. The DPT applies for accounting periods beginning on or after 1 April 2015. This Practice Note is produced in partnership with Penny Simmons of Pinsent Masons LLP.