Bird & Bird

This Practice Note examines the law and practice in relation to anonymisation, pseudonymisation and privacy enhancing technologies (or PETs). In particular, it looks at the requirements for effective anonymisation and pseudonymisation and an explanation of some basic techniques that may be used. This Practice Note also provides an introduction to the area of technologies known as PETs.

This Practice Note examines the law and practice in relation to anonymisation, pseudonymisation and privacy enhancing technologies (or PETs). In particular, it looks at the requirements for effective anonymisation and pseudonymisation under the EU’s General Data Protection Regulation, Regulation (EU) 2016/679 (EU GDPR) and an explanation of the basic techniques that may be used. This Practice Note also provides an introduction to the area of technologies known as PETs.

This Practice Note considers the key legal issues arising in relation to the development and use of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) in the EU; including regulatory proposals for the EU AI Act, the EU Product Liability Directive, the EU Machinery Directive, the EU General Product Safety Directive, the EU Data Act and the EU Data Governance Act.

This Practice Note is aimed primarily at brands wanting to use influencers for particular social marketing campaigns and advertising promotions to the French public.

This Practice Note is aimed primarily at brands and agencies wishing to engage with social media influencers (or other talent) for social media marketing campaigns and promotions in Poland. It covers: talent marketing as a form of advertising, disclosure requirements, applicable regulations, sanctions for inadequate disclosure, ownership of the content created and key provisions in Poland focused agreements.

This Practice Note considers the key EU legal issues arising in relation to the use of unmanned aircraft or drones in a recreational and commercial context.

This Practice Note considers the law relating to the operation of small civilian drones (also referred to as unmanned aerial vehicles or UAVs, unmanned aircraft, small unmanned aircraft or SUAs) for commercial and recreational purposes. It looks at the International, European and domestic regulatory framework with particular emphasis on the Air Navigation Order, the Retained Implementing and Delegated Regulations and the open, specific, and certified categories. It also considers issues of criminal and civil liability that may arise when using a drone including trespass, negligence and nuisance.

This Practice Note provides an overview of the EU regulatory frameworks implemented to encourage development of drugs for rare diseases, termed orphan medicinal products.

This Practice Note discusses the key legal and commercial issues relevant to in-app purchases and consumer protection. It examines the relevant background and terminology, examines the current consumer protection framework applicable to in-app purchases, and future developments, and considers non-binding industry guidance that may be applicable, and provides best practice tips for developers.

This Practice Note provides an overview of the EU and UK regulatory frameworks implemented to encourage development of drugs for rare diseases, termed orphan medicinal products.

This Market Standards Trend Report was published in 2020 and is not maintained. It provides in-depth analysis of the 66 firm offers and 45 possible offers made for quoted companies subject to the Takeover Code in 2019. It includes insight into public M&A trends and what was expected for 2020 and beyond.

This Practice Note provides an overview of the Public Services (Social Value) Act 2012, which requires contracting authorities to consider the wider social, economic and environmental impact of the services they procure before embarking on a public procurement process, with a view to maximising the social benefits. It sets out the scope of application, key requirements and explains the interplay with the Public Contracts Regulations 2015.

This Practice Note considers the key tax issues arising when structuring, operating and terminating an international joint venture, meaning a structure where either the JV vehicle or one or more of the joint venture parties is non-UK resident for tax purposes. It includes considerations relating to diverted profits tax (DPT), the tax efficiency of both debt and equity funding structures, including withholding taxes and the corporate interest restriction, and the availability of loss reliefs. This Practice Note is produced in partnership with Zoe Feller and Alexander Beesley of Bird & Bird LLP.

This Practice Note contains practical guidance on the UK’s competition law framework which regulates major online platforms designated as having ‘strategic market status’ (SMS). It also addresses key reports such as the Furman report and the CMA’s final report of the ‘Online Platforms and Digital Advertising’ market study that have informed the design of the SMS regime, alongside commentary on key digital competition investigations in the UK.

This Practice Note considers the application of VAT to tripartite supplies. Specifically, it covers the supplier’s liability to account for the VAT in respect of the supply by reference to the third party consideration and the complications faced by the paying party in recovering input tax in such tripartite arrangements. This Practice Note is produced in partnership with Caroline Brown of Bird and Bird LLP.

This Precedent drones agreement is intended for use in a business-to-business (B2B) transaction for the supply by a drone operator and the purchase by the customer of drones (or unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) or unmanned aircraft system (UAS)) services for the supply of a single deliverable or output, to be delivered as a result of data captured during a drone flight or series of related flights using a drone or drones. The Precedent incorporates industry insight and feedback as provided by ARPAS-UK (the UK Drone association).

This Precedent is an internal-facing bring your own device (BYOD) policy for use in relation to employees, other workers and contractors (staff), designed to be used with other policies and privacy notices. This particular policy takes into account the requirements under Assimilated Regulation (EU) 2016/679, UK General Data Protection Regulation (UK GDPR), those in the Data Protection Act 2018 (DPA 2018) and the Information Commissioner’s Office (ICO) guide to the GDPR. It is intended for all staff who bring their own computing devices (eg laptops or smartphones) to work and use these to connect to the company’s IT systems. It is in short form and plain, non-technical English so that it can be easily understood. This policy has been drafted to supplement other related policies such as those covering data protection and information security. It will need to be adapted to reflect the technical basis on which access is granted to company IT systems from personal devices.