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GLOSSARY

Film definition

Published by a LexisNexis IP expert

What does Film mean?

A film is a copyright work which is a recording on any medium from which a moving image may by any means be produced.

A film is protected as a copyright work and for these purposes the sound track accompanying a film is treated as part of the film. It is not protected to the extent the recording is a copy of a previous film. See Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, s 5B.

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Ownership and issues regarding copyright works created at home—checklist

Ownership and issues regarding copyright works created at home—checklist Employees and contractors are increasingly working more from home. This has resulted in an increase in content being created at home and posted or shared online, for example by teachers to share with their pupils via video communications. When content is created at home in these circumstances, the ownership of IP rights, use of third-party material and infringement of third-party rights should be considered. For further information on issues raised by this Checklist, see Practice Notes: • Copyright—protectable works • Copyright—authorship and ownership • Copyright & associated rights—overview • Copyright infringement • Copyright—secondary infringement • Copyright infringement—remedies • Copyright—permitted acts and defences • Joint ownership of intellectual property rights The third column can be used to record observations or comments as the Checklist is worked through. Checklist Further information Notes (if any) Copyright origination ☐ Identify the copyright work. Copyright is an unregistered right—it comes into being automatically on the creation of a qualifying work.The main categories of ‘work’ are:—literary,...

Charges to income tax—tables

Charges to income tax—tables These tables set out: • the charges to income tax in each of the seven categories of income tax • the person who is liable to pay that charge, and • the legislative provisions that are relevant to that charge Employment income Name of charge Person liable Legislative provisions General earnings Person to whose employment the earnings relate ITEPA 2003, ss 6, 7, 13, Pt 3 Specific employment income Person in relation to whom the income counts as employment income ITEPA 2003, ss 6, 7, 13 Pts 6, 7, 7A Pension income Name of charge Person liable Legislative provisions UK pensions Person receiving or entitled to the pension ITEPA 2003, ss 569–572A Foreign pensions Person receiving or entitled to the pension ITEPA 2003, ss 573–576A UK social security pensions Person receiving or entitled to the pension, benefit or allowance ITEPA 2003, ss 577–579 Pensions under registered pension schemes Person receiving or entitled to the pension under the registered pension scheme ITEPA 2003, ss 579A–579D...

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NBCUniversal–film merchandise (vertical restraints) (AT.40433) [Archived]

NBCUniversal–film merchandise (vertical restraints) (AT.40433) [Archived] CASE HUB ARCHIVED–this archived case hub reflects the position at the date of the decision of 30 January 2020; it is no longer maintained. See further, timeline, commentary and related cases. Case facts col style="width: 23%;"> Outline European Commission Article 101 TFEU investigation into vertical restrictions on cross-border sales of licensed merchandise products featuring Minions, Jurassic World and other images and characters from NBCUniversal’s films imposed by NBC Universal and other companies in the Comcast group (AT.40433). Latest development On 30 January 2020, the Commission issued its infringement decision against NBCUniversal, imposing a fine of €14,327,000 (following an ‘informal settlement’), for imposing vertical restrictions on the cross-border sale of licensed products featuring Minions, Jurassic World and other images and characters from NBCUniversal’s films, in breach of Article 101 TFEU. Parties NBCUniversal LLC, (NBCUniversal), part of the Compcast group, is a US company that operates cable and broadcast networks, as well as film and television production companies worldwide. A division of...

Portability of online content services in the EU

Portability of online content services in the EU This Practice Note considers the portability of online content services in the context of Regulation (EU) 2017/1128 on cross-border portability of online content services in the internal market (the EU Portability Regulation). It addresses the core obligation of certain service providers to ensure their content is available to European citizens temporarily present in a different Member State, the impact on copyright and enforcement. This Practice Note considers the rules on the portability of online content services in the internal market. It covers: • Background • The mandatory portability obligation • Residency verification • Application to free services • Contractual provisions • Copyright and rights holder issues • Information requirements • Enforcement Note: the EU Portability Regulation was amended in 2017 (see Corrigendum). The Corrigendum did not amend the Recitals to the EU Portability Regulation. However, the published consolidated version available on EUR-Lex does not include them. Nonetheless, as they have not been omitted or amended via the Corrigendum, these remain in force...

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Licence to carry out environmental investigations

Licence to carry out environmental investigations Parties 1 [insert name of licensor] [of [insert address] OR company number [insert company number] whose registered office is at [insert address]] (the Licensor) 2 [insert name of licensee] [of [insert address] OR company number [insert company number] whose registered office is at [insert address]] (the Licensee) 1 Background (A) The Licensor is the registered [freehold OR leasehold] owner of the Property. (B) The Licensee has expressed an interest in [acquiring OR leasing] the Property. (C) The Licensor will permit access to the Property by the Licensee and the Consultant for the purpose of carrying out investigations as to ground conditions at, in, on, under or about the Property, subject to the terms of this Licence. 2 Definitions Competent Authority • means any statutory undertaker or any public local or other authority or regulatory body or government department, or any other body exercising powers under statute or by royal charter or any court of law or any...

Share purchase agreement—pro-buyer—individual sellers—conditional—long form

Share purchase agreement—pro-buyer—individual sellers—conditional—long form This Agreement is made on [insert day and month] 20[insert year] Parties 1 The several persons whose names and addresses are set out in Schedule 1 (together the Sellers), and 2 [Insert name of purchasing corporate entity] incorporated in [England and Wales OR [Insert country of incorporation]] with registered number [insert company number] whose registered office is at [insert address] (the Buyer), [(each of the Sellers and the Buyer being a Party and together the Sellers and the Buyer are the Parties).] Background (A) The Company (as defined below) is a private company limited by shares and is incorporated in[ England and Wales OR [insert country of incorporation]]. Details of the Company are set out in Schedule 2, Part A. (B) The Sellers are the legal and beneficial owners of the Sale Shares (as defined below), being in aggregate the entire allotted and issued share capital of the Company. (C) The Sellers have agreed to sell and the...

Dive into our 84 Precedents related to Film

Can a company have moral rights?

Can a company have moral rights? Moral rights The Berne Convention art 6 bis states that, independently of the author's economic rights, and even after the transfer of the said rights, the author shall have the right to claim authorship of the work, and object to any distortion, mutilation or other modification of, or other derogatory action in relation to, his/her own work, that would be prejudicial to his/her honour or reputation. Moral rights are therefore personal to the author. Sections 77–79 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 (CDPA 1988), provide that the authors of copyright literary, dramatic, musical or artistic works and the directors of copyright film works have the right: • to be identified as author or director (the right of paternity) • to object to derogatory treatment of work (the right of integrity), and • not to have work falsely attributed to them as author or director Exercising moral rights For further detail on exercising moral rights, see Practice Note: Moral...

Can a claimant recover pre-action costs for a potential claim under section 288 of the Town and Country Planning Act 1990? When the Local Planning Authority returned the matter to a Planning Committee, the outcome was favourable for the claimant, resulting in no s 288 claim being made.

Can a claimant recover pre-action costs for a potential claim under section 288 of the Town and Country Planning Act 1990? When the Local Planning Authority returned the matter to a Planning Committee, the outcome was favourable for the claimant, resulting in no s 288 claim being made. Section 288 challenges Section 288 of the Town and Country Planning Act 1990 (TCPA 1990) applies to (list abridged for clarity): • orders under TCPA 1990, s 97 (order revoking or modifying planning permission), TCPA 1990, s 102 (orders requiring discontinuance of use or alteration or removal of buildings or works) and TCPA 1990, s 221(5) (orders creating special advertisement control areas) • tree preservation orders • orders made pursuant to TCPA 1990, Sch 9, paras 1, 3, 5 or 6 (orders relating to mineral workings) • any decision on an application made to the Secretary of State under TCPA 1990, s 62A (applications made directly to the Secretary of State where the local planning authority (LPA) is...

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Environment weekly highlights—3 April 2025

This week's edition of Environment weekly highlights includes: several announcements from the Department for Energy Security and Net Zero (DESNZ) including, publishing a report of the provisional estimates of the UK's greenhouse gas emissions for 2024, its 16th annual emissions statement, as mandated by section 16 of the Climate Change Act 2008 (CCA 2008) and its call for evidence, seeking views on innovative hydrogen-to-power (H2P) projects that can be rapidly deployed by 2030, ahead of large-scale hydrogen infrastructure development. In addition this week, the Environment Agency (EA) has launched a new charging scheme for activities involving fluorinated greenhouse gases (F-gas) and ozone-depleting substances (ODS), Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs (Defra) has published the findings of Dan Corry's independent review, which examines whether Defra's regulatory framework effectively supports economic growth and nature recovery and Defra and the EA have announced a 2.65bn two-year investment programme for flood defence infrastructure. Further, this week, EA has published two guidance documents. The first document outlines the various types of costs the...

TMT weekly highlights—3 April 2025

Welcome to this week’s edition of the TMT weekly highlights: a hand-picked summary of news analysis, updates and new content from across the technology, media and telecoms sectors. These highlights focus on key topics including new technologies, software, cloud computing, internet, outsourcing, music, film & television, publishing, defamation and telecoms.

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