With reform of retained EU law high on the agenda, post-Brexit legal changes remains a key issue. Get key information and updates for all practitioners, with practice area specific Brexit content across the modules.
We outline the key principles and procedural requirements with a clear focus on the public sector perspective. The content focusses primarily on judicial review in the Administrative Court in England and Wales.
Failure to stick to procedures can have significant legal, financial and practical consequences for a contracting authority. We guide you through various processes, focussing on the Public Contracts Regulations 2015.
An essential resource providing guidance & materials on core legal subjects relevant to lawyers in all areas of legal practice, as well as specialist content designed to assist government lawyers in a range of key areas
The Joint Committee on Statutory Instruments (JCSI) has published its twelfth report of session 2024—2025. The following instruments have been drawn...
A round-up of the latest environmental enforcement, including a packing company fined after it polluted a river with bleach and killed hundreds of...
The House of Commons Library has published a briefing which maps the main elements of the United Kingdom's uncodified constitution. The document...
Department for Transport has published its response to IAC on the Regular and Special Regular (RSR) Protocol. The response highlights the Non-EU bus...
HM Treasury (HMT) has published its response to International Agreements Committee on the Berne Financial Services Agreement. The response highlights...
UK subsidy control—ongoing cases trackerBackgroundOn 4 January 2023, the Subsidy Control Act 2022 (SCA 2022) entered into force. For further details...
How to deal with confidentiality issues—PA 2023FORTHCOMING CHANGE: On 24 February 2025, the main provisions of the Procurement Act 2023 (PA 2023) come...
Procurement Act 2023 transitional and saving regulations, provision by provision—PA 2023FORTHCOMING CHANGE: On 24 February 2025, the main provisions...
Procurement Act 2023 transitional and saving arrangements—PA 2023FORTHCOMING CHANGE: On 24 February 2025, the main provisions of the Procurement Act...
Contract modification—PA 2023FORTHCOMING CHANGE: On 24 February 2025, the main provisions of the Procurement Act 2023 (PA 2023) come into force....
Letter accompanying Invitation to tender—restricted procedureFORTHCOMING CHANGE: On 24 February 2025, the main provisions of the Procurement Act 2023...
Letter accompanying Invitation to participate in dialogue—competitive dialogue procedureFORTHCOMING CHANGE: On 24 February 2025, the main provisions...
Invitation to participate in dialogue—competitive dialogue procedureFORTHCOMING CHANGE: On 24 February 2025, the main provisions of the Procurement...
Letter accompanying Invitation to tender—competitive procedure with negotiationFORTHCOMING CHANGE: On 24 February 2025, the main provisions of the...
Invitation to tender―competitive procedure with negotiationFORTHCOMING CHANGE: On 24 February 2025, the main provisions of the Procurement Act 2023...
Methods of statutory interpretation used to resolve disputes about the meaning of legislationIntroduction to statutory interpretationThe aim of...
Sources of constitutional lawIn briefThe British constitution is unwritten in the sense that it does not derive from a single constitutional text. It...
Direct effect of EU lawWhat is direct effect of EU law?The doctrine of direct effect is a fundamental principle of EU law developed by the Court of...
Convention rights—structure of qualified rightsThe rights preserved under the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR), as set out in the Human...
Separation of powers—legislative, executive and judiciarySource of the doctrine of the separation of powersThe origins of the doctrine of the...
What is a public authority?There is no single, universal answer to the question whether a particular organisation is treated, in law, as a public...
Structure and functions of EU institutions and bodiesThe EU’s unique institutional frameworkThe European Union is a supranational polity, and is...
HarmonisationDefinitionHarmonisation, also known as standardisation or approximation, refers to the determination of EU-wide legally binding standards...
The status of EU law in the UK after Brexit [Archived]ARCHIVED: This Practice Note has been archived and is not maintained.This Practice Note provides...
Indirect effect of EU lawWhat is indirect effect of EU law?The doctrine of indirect effect, or consistent interpretation, is a duty that national...
Parliamentary supremacy—implied repealEssential to Parliament’s legislative supremacy is the principle that Parliament is not bound by its...
The executive and the civil serviceWhat is a civil servant?A civil servant is any permanent, non-political employee of central government—servants of...
EU internal competenceThe limits of EU competencesThe limits of EU competences are governed by the principle of conferral (also known as principle of...
Free movement of EU workers and citizensEU workers and EU citizens enjoy the right of freedom of movement. This right is granted to EU workers in...
The four freedoms—goods, services, establishment and capitalFree movement of goodsRestriction on importsScope of the prohibitionArticle 34 of the...
A type of derivative contract in which two parties agree to exchange the difference in value of a specified asset—eg currency, commodity, share or index—between the time the contract is opened and the time it is closed. The contract payout will be the difference in the price of the asset between these two times. Contracts for difference (CFDs) are similar to spread betting. CFDs may potentially be used for insider dealing and market manipulation and are therefore within the scope for the Market Abuse Regulation (EU) 596/2014. CFDs are a potential source of harm to retail investors. The Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) has imposed restrictions on the terms on which retail customers may enter into CFDs, including limits on a customer’s leverage, closing out a customer’s position when their funds fall to 50% of the margin needed to maintain their open positions on their CFD account, and a requirement that a client cannot lose more than the total funds in their CFD account.
The Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 2002, SI 2002/2677.
Executive directors are usually directors of the company who are, in addition, employed by the company (or other group company) in specific salaried roles and are involved in the running of aspects of the company's business on a day-to-day basis. Compare with non-executive directors.