UK antitrust investigations and appeals

NOTE—On 24 May 2024, the Digital Markets, Competition and Consumers Act 2024 (DMCC Act 2024) received Royal Assent. The DMCC Act 2024 introduces significant reforms to UK competition law (across merger control, antitrust, market studies/investigations and digital markets). This Overview will be updated to reflect the relevant changes in due course. For the key changes introduced by the DMCC Act 2024, see further, The Digital Markets, Competition and Consumers Act 2024: key provisions from a competition and digital markets perspective.

The Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) investigates allegations of anti-competitive behaviour that have an impact in the UK (breaches of Chapter I and/or Chapter II of the Competition Act 1998). Investigations are carried out under the Competition Act 1998.

Investigations can start in one of four ways:

  1. a company involved in wrongdoing blowing the whistle

  2. an individual involved in wrongdoing blowing the whistle

  3. a complaint from a third party, or

  4. the CMA receiving general market intelligence suggesting a breach of competition law.

If an investigation is launched, it will follow a set process. Investigations can take

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