Applicable law

Rome I

Regulation (EC) 593/2008, Rome I applies in cases in which the contract was entered into on or after 17 December 2009:

  1. Practice Note: Rome I—scope, exclusions and general provisions provides an explanation as to when and why Regulation (EC) 593/2008, Rome I was introduced. It covers the implementation of Regulation (EC) 593/2008, Rome I and the countries which are signatories, and therefore subject to the regulation, and reservations made by different countries. It sets out why the regulation applies to intra-UK contractual disputes. The Practice Note provides assistance on the interpretation of Regulation (EC) 593/2008, Rome I and then considers the universal application provision (art 2) and the scope of the applicable law (art 12). The general rules which apply as well as rules applicable to specific types of contracts are set out. The types of disputes excluded from Regulation (EC) 593/2008, Rome I are identified such as arbitration and the status and legal capacity of companies.

  2. Practice Note: Rome I—applicable law chosen by the parties considers Rome I and explains the ability of the parties to choose the

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Commission launches consultation to revise the EU Cybersecurity Act and strengthen the EU cybersecurity framework

The European Commission launched a call for evidence to support the preparation of a legislative proposal to revise the EU Cybersecurity Act. The initiative aims to strengthen EU cyber resilience, update the mandate of the EU Agency for Cybersecurity (ENISA) and improve the effectiveness of the European Cybersecurity Certification Framework. The Commission noted that the cybersecurity landscape has become significantly more complex and threat‑intensive since the Act’s adoption in 2019, while subsequent EU legislation has expanded ENISA’s tasks beyond its original mandate, creating the need to streamline, simplify and supplement the existing framework to ensure coherence, reduce administrative burdens and improve implementation for businesses and users. The initiative focuses on measures to support a secure and resilient Information and Communication Technology supply chain and the EU cybersecurity industrial base, addresses shortcomings in the certification framework such as slow adoption, unclear roles, limited agility and insufficient clarity on covered risks, including non‑technical factors, and considers alignment with newer instruments such as the Cyber Resilience Act. The Commission outlined policy options ranging from non‑legislative measures to targeted or comprehensive regulatory revision, stating that EU‑level action is required to prevent internal market fragmentation and to secure long‑term economic and social benefits through greater harmonisation, stronger cybersecurity and resilience, more efficient incident response and enhanced protection of fundamental rights, including personal data. The call for evidence will run until 20 June 2025.

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