Privilege/without prejudice

This overview is a guide and introduction to our suite of documents on privilege and takes the reader through the main principles.

Dealing with aspects of privilege can be one of the most challenging issues a practitioner faces before and during litigation proceedings and, more particularly, during a disclosure exercise. The term ‘legal professional privilege’ comprises the two main strands of legal advice privilege and litigation privilege; and there are related concepts of common interest privilege; joint (or joint interest) privilege and without prejudice privilege to consider too.

Privilege—general principles

In English law, legal professional privilege is a fundamental right allowing a party, or its successors in title, to withhold from production certain documents. For an introduction to the general principles of legal professional privilege in civil proceedings, see Practice Note: Privilege—general principles.

Privilege can be asserted over documents which fall into these categories:

  1. legal professional privilege (LPP), split between:

    1. legal advice privilege, see Practice Note: Legal professional privilege in civil proceedings—Legal advice privilege

    2. litigation privilege, see Practice Note: Legal professional privilege in civil proceedings—Litigation privilege

  2. other forms

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Latest PI & Clinical Negligence News

Actions for unlawful police detention and QOCS protection in mixed claims (ALK and another v The Chief Constable of Surrey Police)

PI & Clinical Negligence analysis: In an appeal heard by Mr Justice Bourne, the High Court held that the arrests of a married couple, both of whom were serving Metropolitan Police officers, by Surrey Police were unlawful. The court found that the arresting officers had not given appropriate consideration to voluntary attendance for interview as a less intrusive alternative under section 24 of the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 (PACE 1984) and Code G. The court stressed that the ‘necessity’ limb in PACE 1984, s 24 is an important constitutional safeguard, following a line of authority that stresses strict adherence to PACE 1984—an officer who gives no real consideration to alternatives runs the ‘plain risk’ of being found to have had no reasonable grounds to believe arrest was necessary. The court therefore allowed the liability appeal. This decision is an important reaffirmation of the strict operational limits on arrest powers. On costs, the court provided useful guidance as to the starting point in mixed personal injury claims, confirming that properly supported PI claims should attract QOCS protection. Bourne J concluded that the claimants’ pleaded and evidenced psychiatric injury claims meant the proceedings could properly be regarded as a personal injury action ‘in the round’ for QOCS purposes, and that the trial judge’s enforcement order permitting 70% of the defendant’s costs should not have been made, under the mixed-claim discretion in CPR 44.16. Written by Connor Wright, barrister, St Philips Chambers.

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