General principles

General principles

The General Principles subtopic provides an introduction to the basic concepts that underpin cross-border and offshore planning. It also provides an overview of the other International subtopics, which provide more detailed guidance on specific concepts (eg residence and domicile), investment vehicles (eg offshore trusts and companies) and measures intended to tackle offshore tax avoidance and evasion.

Private international law (conflict of laws)

In the global economy, individuals are becoming increasingly mobile. Conflicts of law may arise when an individual has a connection with more than one jurisdiction. A connecting factor may be residence, habitual residence, domicile, deemed domicile or citizenship depending on the law of the specific jurisdiction. Even where individuals and their personal representatives or trustees are based in one jurisdiction, they often own assets in another jurisdiction. As a result it is often necessary to consider private international law when advising on cross-border tax and estate planning to resolve conflicts between the laws of different jurisdictions. For information on the principles of private international law, see Practice Note: Private client and private international law—summary of main principles.

For guidance on cross-border issues relating

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Latest Private Client News

Private Client weekly highlights—21 November 2024

This week’s edition of Private Client highlights includes: (1) Wigglesworth v Beetson, in which the claimant failed in an action for estoppel and adverse possession; (2) the Hansard Society to host a briefing on parliamentary process for Assisted Dying Bill; (3) Khan v Khan, which considered family property and constructive trusts; (4) analysis of the Autumn Budget announcement to bring unused pension funds and death benefits within the scope of IHT; (5) Palmer v Sans, which found that there was no transaction at an undervalue where property was already held on trust for the transferee; (6) KA v FA (The Secretary of State for the Home Department intervening), where the court recognised an overseas adoption notwithstanding failure of common law test; and (7) Kireeva v Bedzhamov, in which the Supreme Court has confirmed the application of the immovables rule to English property.

Privy Council rules BVI company shares are not immovable property (Al Thani v Al Thani)

Private Client analysis: In a decision which will come as a relief to private individuals who own shares in BVI companies, the Privy Council has decided that section 245 of the BVI’s Business Companies Act 2004 does not have the effect of re-categorising shares as immovable property for the purposes of succession. Written by Kyle Bonnell, pupil at XXIV Old Buildings.

Supreme Court confirms application of immovables rule to English property

The Supreme Court has unanimously dismissed Ms Kireeva’s (Russian bankruptcy trustee’s) appeal to overturn the Court of Appeal’s’ decision regarding matters arising out of the bankruptcy of Mr Bedzhamov. Peter Declercq and Patrick Elliot, partners at DCQ Legal (who acted for Ms Kireeva), discuss the implications of the judgment.

UT finds FTT made errors when setting aside HMRC best judgment assessment (HMRC v Sintra Global)

Tax analysis: In Sintra Global, the Upper Tribunal (UT) set aside the decision of the First-tier Tax Tribunal (FTT) insofar as it related to a notice HMRC had issued to an individual making him liable for the payment of a civil evasion penalty charged against a company he was a director of. The UT found that the FTT had failed to follow the guidance provided by the Court of Appeal in Pegasus Birds in relation to the assessment the penalty was based on.