On 23 June 2016, the UK held a referendum on its European Union (EU) membership. A 51.9% majority voted in favour of the UK leaving the EU (‘Brexit’). On 29 March 2017, the UK government gave formal notification of the UK's intention to withdraw from the EU under Article 50 of the Treaty on European Union (TEU). As of exit day (11 pm on 31 January 2020), the UK is no longer an EU Member State.
European Economic Area (EEA)/Swiss citizens (termed ‘EEA citizens’ for these purposes) and their family members previously benefited from EU free movement rights, which are primarily implemented in the UK by the Immigration (European Economic Area) Regulations 2016, SI 2016/1052. In line with the Withdrawal Agreement reached between the EU and the UK, and the equivalent agreements reached with Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein and Switzerland, these Regulations continued to apply in full throughout the transition (‘implementation’) period. The implementation period ended on 11 pm (GMT) on 31 December 2020.
Practice Note: Brexit materials—citizens’ rights [Archived] sets out a summary of the background relating to the citizens’ rights aspects of the UK's withdrawal
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