Transferring contracts and rights of third parties

How, when and why a contract may be changed or transferred or affected by third parties may arise in any number of differing scenarios, eg:

  1. when a dispute is brewing between parties, one avenue that is often explored is the renegotiation of terms

  2. group reorganisations may result in the need to vary, transfer or novate agreements and there may be occasions when the other party to the contract seeks to challenge that novation or transfer as a means of exiting the contract at no cost to themselves

  3. contracts are not necessarily immune from attack by third parties either—there can be exceptions to the 'privity of contract' rule, particularly where the contract itself confers a benefit on a third party

The following series of Practice Notes seek to address the key issues that can arise in such scenarios.

For a summary, in tabular form, of key and/or illustrative cases on contractual disputes (for judgments dating 1 January 2020 onwards), see Practice Notes:

  1. Contract disputes—key and illustrative decisions (2024–2025)

  2. Contract disputes—key and illustrative decisions (2020–2023)

The methods of transferring contracts

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Withholding DSAR documents from inspection during data protection proceedings by relying on a Data Protection Act 2018 exemption (Cole v Marlborough College)

Information Law analysis: This claim relates to the scope of production and the application of the exemptions to production of personal data in responding fully to a subject access request. The Claimant, Thomas Cole (Cole), who was a student at the Defendant school, Marlborough College (the College), submitted a data subject access request (DSAR) under Article 15 of the United Kingdom General Data Protection Regulation, Assimilated Regulation (EU) 2016/679 (the UK GDPR) after he was removed from the school following his involvement in a physical altercation with another student. In this half-day case management hearing, Mr Justice Nicklin assessed whether the College was entitled to withhold, in whole or part, documents containing Cole’s personal data, rather than providing the material for inspection ahead of a two-day trial on the data protection claim expected to start in mid-2025. The court held that the College was entitled to withhold some documents (containing Cole’s personal data) on the grounds of the exemption in paragraph 16 of Schedule 2, Part 3 to the Data Protection Act 2018 (DPA 2018). In short, this exemption provides that a controller is not obliged to disclose information to a data subject where doing so involves disclosing information that relates to another individual who can be identified from that information, whether as the source of information or as the subject of such information. Written by Robyn Bond, associate at Ropes & Gray International LLP.

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